Optimizing Employee Performance through Spiritual and Emotional Intelligence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63541/xa8sm762Keywords:
Emotional Intelligence, Employee Performance, Spiritual IntelligenceAbstract
Employee performance in higher education institutions is increasingly recognized as a multidimensional construct influenced not only by technical competence but also by psychological and spiritual dimensions. This study examines the effect of spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence on employee performance at the Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Andalas. Employing a quantitative associative approach with multiple linear regression analysis, data were collected from 40 employees using total sampling. Instrument validity was confirmed through Pearson Correlation (r-table = 0.312) and reliability through Cronbach's Alpha (α ≥ 0.60). Classical assumption tests confirmed normality (Asymp. Sig. = 0.133 > 0.05), absence of heteroscedasticity, and absence of multicollinearity (VIF = 1.387). Results demonstrate that spiritual intelligence positively and significantly affects employee performance (β = 0.460; t = 2.208; p = 0.034 < 0.05), and emotional intelligence positively and significantly affects employee performance (β = 0.592; t = 2.777; p = 0.009 < 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.417) indicates that both variables explain 41.7% of the variance in employee performance. This study contributes empirical evidence from a non-profit public higher education context in Indonesia, an underexplored institutional environment in existing literature, underscoring the need for spirituality- and emotion-based human resource development strategies in academic institutions.
References
Afsar, B., Maqsood, U., & Ahmad, A. (2020). Spiritual leadership and employee task performance: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 17(2), 107–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2019.1691584
Agustine, F. H., Yusnita, N., & Irawan, T. T. (2023). Pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui organizational citizenship behavior. JIMFE (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi), 9(2), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.34203/jimfe.v9i2.9035
Annisa, N., & Mayliza, R. (2019). Pengaruh kecerdasan spiritual terhadap kinerja karyawan Biro Quality Assurance PT. Semen Padang. OSF Preprints. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/b5je4
Ashmos, D. P., & Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at work: A conceptualization and measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(2), 134–145. https://doi.org/10.1177/105649260092008
Battistelli, A., Odoardi, C., Vandenberghe, C., Di Napoli, G., & Piccione, L. (2019). Information sharing and innovative work behavior: The role of work‐based learning, challenge demand, and organizational commitment. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 30(3), 361–381.
Budiasa, I. K. (2021). Beban kerja dan kinerja sumber daya manusia. Pena Persada.
Cendrawardani, D. I., & Razak, A. (2023). Pengaruh kecerdasan spiritual dan sikap kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai pada Sekretariat DPRD Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Indonesian Journal of Management and Accounting (IJMA), 4(2), 335–350.
Côté, S. (2014). Emotional intelligence in organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 459–488. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091233
Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573–598. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.109.3.573
Ealias, A., & George, J. (2012). Emotional intelligence and job satisfaction: A correlational study. Research Journal of Commerce and Behavioural Science, 1(4), 37–42.
Fong, K. H., & Snape, E. (2015). Empowering leadership, psychological empowerment and employee outcomes: Testing a multi-level mediating model. British Journal of Management, 26(1), 126–138.
Galingging, A. (2020). Pengaruh kecerdasan emosional dan pengembangan SDM terhadap kinerja pegawai pada PT. PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Wilayah Sumatera Utara [Skripsi]. Universitas Medan Area.
Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2003). Toward a science of workplace spirituality. In R. A. Giacalone & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp. 3–28). M. E. Sharpe.
Ginanjar, A. A. (2001). Rahasia sukses membangun kecerdasan emosi dan spiritual ESQ: Emotional Spiritual Quotient. Arga Publishing.
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam Books.
Goleman, D. (2020). Emotional intelligence: Kecerdasan emosional, mengapa EI lebih penting daripada IQ. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Guillaume, Y. R. F., Dawson, J. F., Otaye-Ebede, L., Woods, S. A., & West, M. A. (2017). Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(2), 276–303. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2040
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250–279.
Hidayah, R. (2019). Pengaruh kecerdasan spiritual terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui organizational citizenship behavior pada PT. PLN (Persero) Area Bojonegoro. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 7(1), 147–155.
Joseph, D. L., & Newman, D. A. (2010). Emotional intelligence: An integrative meta-analysis and cascading model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(1), 54–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017286
Kazemipour, F., Mohamad Amin, S., & Pourseidi, B. (2012). Relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behavior among nurses through mediation of affective organizational commitment. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 44(3), 302–310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2012.01456.x
King, D. B., & DeCicco, T. L. (2009). A viable model and self-report measure of spiritual intelligence. International Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 28(1), 68–85.
Lubis, A. F., Rasyid, M., & Heri, H. (2022). Mediasi efikasi diri pada pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap kinerja pegawai. Biopsikososial, 6(1), 61–71.
Miao, C., Humphrey, R. H., & Qian, S. (2017). A meta-analysis of emotional intelligence and work attitudes. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 90(2), 177–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12167
Milliken, F. J., & Martins, L. L. (1996). Searching for common threads: Understanding the multiple effects of diversity in organizational groups. Academy of Management Review, 21(2), 402–433. https://doi.org/10.2307/258667
Mulyasari, I. (2018). Pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap kinerja pegawai. Jurnal Program Pascasarjana Universitas Galuh, 2(2), 1–12.
Mutmainah, D., Indah, Y., Tyas, W., & Rahajeng, Y. (2023). Pengaruh kecerdasan emosional dan stres kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PTPN XI PG. Gending Kabupaten Probolinggo. JUMAD, 1(2), 201–210.
Nggili, R. A. (2020). Spiritual intelligence in organizational context: A literature review. Journal of Management and Business Review, 17(1), 15–28.
O'Boyle, E. H., Humphrey, R. H., Pollack, J. M., Hawver, T. H., & Story, P. A. (2011). The relation between emotional intelligence and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(5), 788–818. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.714
Oboh, C. S. (2023). Emotional intelligence and fraud tendency: A survey of future accountants in Nigeria. European Journal of Management Studies, 28(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMS-05-2022-0038
Octavia, N., Hayati, K., & Karim, M. (2020). Pengaruh kepribadian, kecerdasan emosional dan kecerdasan spiritual terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen (JBM), 16(2), 130–144.
Rauf, R., & Dorawati, A. (2019). Pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Semen Tonasa Kabupaten Pangkep. Journal of Management & Business, 2(2), 225–245.
Rego, A., & Pina e Cunha, M. (2008). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: An empirical study. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 53–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810810847039
Rizaldi, A. (2021). Pengelolaan kinerja karyawan melalui kecerdasan emosional dan stres kerja. Journal of Applied Business Administration, 5(1), 1–12.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2017). Perilaku organisasi (Organizational behavior) (edisi ke-16). Salemba Empat.
Sari, V. P., & Baihaqi. (2024). Pengaruh kecerdasan intelektual, kecerdasan emosional, dan kecerdasan spiritual terhadap kecurangan akuntansi. Edunomika, 8(1), 1–17.
Shrivastava, A., & Shrivastava, S. (2022). Emotional intelligence and job performance: A review. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 22(2), 45–60.
Sibasopait, A. B. (2018). Pengaruh kecerdasan intelektual, kecerdasan emosional, dan kecerdasan spiritual terhadap kinerja melalui kepuasan kerja tenaga kependidikan di Kantor Pusat Universitas Jember. Bisma, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.19184/bisma.v12i2.7891
Sugiyono. (2021). Metode penelitian bisnis. Alfabeta.
Utami, S., & Sasongko, N. (2021). The effect of learning behavior, intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and social intelligence on accounting understanding. Duconomics, 1, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.37010/duconomics.v1.5428
Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179–201. https://doi.org/10.2307/259118
Zahroh, C., Anggraini, R., Yusuf, A., & Sudiana, I. K. (2020). The relationship of intelligence and health perceptions. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 11(05), 630–633.
Zohar, D., & Marshall, I. (2007). Kecerdasan spiritual (SQ): Memanfaatkan kecerdasan spiritual dalam berpikir integralistik dan holistik untuk memaknai kehidupan. Mizan
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Didi Putra, Juarsa Badri (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Cakrawala Management Science Journal is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)
