Implementing Green Logistics in Agricultural MSMEs in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia: Its Impact on Operational Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability

Nabila Eprilya Putri; Fitrina Lestari; Riyan Mirdan Faris

doi:10.63541/7bs41j09

Authors

Nabila Eprilya Putri Universitas Nusa Putra Author
Fitrina Lestari Universitas Nusa Putra Author
Riyan Mirdan Faris Universitas Nusa Putra Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63541/7bs41j09

Keywords:

Agricultural MSMEs, Environmental Sustainability, Green Logistics, Operational Efficiency

Abstract

Green Logistics (GL) presents a strategic framework for enhancing operational efficiency and environmental sustainability two key imperatives in modern supply chains. However, its implementation among MSMEs, particularly in agriculture and in developing countries, remains both understudied and underutilized. This study explores the extent to which GL practices influence Operational Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability within agricultural MSMEs in Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Adopting a mixed methods approach, quantitative data were collected from 76 MSME actors and analyzed using SEM PLS, while qualitative insights were gathered through open ended survey questions. Results show that GL significantly impacts Operational Efficiency (β = 0.593) and Environmental Sustainability (β = 0.485), with Efficiency acting as a partial mediator (β = 0.406). The R² values of 0.633 and 0.352 suggest strong predictive validity for the structural model. The qualitative data reinforce these findings by highlighting real world constraints limited access to eco-friendly tools, a lack of technical knowledge, and insufficient training. While geographically localized, the study provides transferable insights into the broader barriers and potential of GL adoption among MSMEs in emerging economies. It also affirms the relevance of the NRBV and GSCM frameworks when adapted to rural and resource constrained contexts.

References

Ahmad, Dr. M. I. (2024). An Empirical Study on Assessment of Economic and Environmental Benefits Through Reverse Logistics: An Indian Perspective. Eatp, 7856–7862. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i4.2653

Anaman, P. D., Ahmed, I. A., Suleman, A.-R., & Dzakah, G. A. (2023). Environmentally Sustainable Business Practices in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises: A Sub-Saharan African Country Perspective. Business Perspectives and Research, 13(2), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.1177/22785337231162740

Arroyo, L. Á. B., Barreto, C., Vásquez, O. B. S., & Nicola, R. J. V. (2023). The Importance of Reverse Logistics and Green Logistics for Sustainability in Supply Chains. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurial Studie, 7(4), 46–72. https://doi.org/10.37956/jbes.v7i4.351

Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Sukabumi. (2025). Kabupaten Sukabumi Dalam Angka 2023. https://sukabumikab.bps.go.id/id/publication/2023/02/28/700512208bbba871f2e64b07/kabupaten-sukabumi-dalam-angka-2023.html

Basbeth, F., & Nardo, R. (2023, May). The Role of User Engagement and Instagram Influencer in a Corporate SNS Account. In Conference on Sustainability and Cutting-Edge Business Technologies (pp. 55-63). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications. https://www.amazon.com/Research-Design-Qualitative-Quantitative-Approaches/dp/1452226105

Dias, C., Rodrigues, R. G., & Ferreira, J. J. (2021). Linking Natural Resources and Performance of Small Agricultural Businesses: Do Entrepreneurial Orientation and Environmental Sustainability Orientation Matter? Sustainable Development, 30(4), 713–725. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2268

Gao, J., Siddik, A. B., Abbas, S. K., Hamayun, M., Masukujjaman, M., & Alam, S. S. (2023). Impact of E-Commerce and Digital Marketing Adoption on the Financial and Sustainability Performance of MSMEs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study. Sustainability, 15(2), 1594. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021594

Gupta, R. (2024). Examining the Impact of Green Logistics Practices on Supply Chain Resilience. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4284160/v1

Hart, S. L. (1995). A natural-resource-based view of the firm. Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 986–1014.

Hessels, J., & Terjesen, S. (2010). Resource dependency and institutional theory perspectives on direct and indirect export choices. Small Business Economics, 34(2), 203–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11187-008-9156-4

Hidayat, M. S., Sudarmiatin, S., Mukhlis, I., & Hermawan, A. (2024). The Influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation, Market Orientation, Learning Orientation on Marketing Performance Mediated by SME Marketing Capabilities to Support the Achievement of the Sustainable Develoipment Goals. JLSDGR, 4(1), e01729. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v4.n00.pe01729

Impact of Green Logistics on Sustainability of Supply Chain. (2018). International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering & Research, 5(3), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.21884/ijmter.2018.5077.trjcs

Janné, M., & Fredriksson, A. (2021). Construction Logistics in Urban Development Projects – Learning From, or Repeating, Past Mistakes of City Logistics? The International Journal of Logistics Management, 33(5), 49–68. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-03-2020-0128

Kwak, S.-Y., Cho, W., Seok, G., & Yoo, S. (2020). Intention to Use Sustainable Green Logistics Platforms. Sustainability, 12(8), 3502. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083502

Larina, I. V., Larin, A. N., Kiriliuk, O., & Ingaldi, M. (2021). Green Logistics—Modern Transportation Process Technology. Production Engineering Archives, 27(3), 184–190. https://doi.org/10.30657/pea.2021.27.24

Le, S.-T. (2023). Investigating the Drivers of the Reverse Logistics Implementation in Reducing Waste in Vietnam. Environmental Health Insights, 17. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786302231211058

Liang, Z., Chiu, Y., Li, X., Guo, Q., & Yue, Y. (2019). Study on the Effect of Environmental Regulation on the Green Total Factor Productivity of Logistics Industry From the Perspective of Low Carbon. Sustainability, 12(1), 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010175

Mızrak, F. (2024). Integrating City Logistics Strategies With Resource-Based Theory for Sustainable Urban Logistics. 216–246. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3575-8.ch010

Munthe, A., & Munthe, I. L. S. (2024). Blue Economy as Economic Recovery and Sustainable Development in Indonesia. CAKRAWALA: Management Science Journal, 1(2), 60-67.

Novitasari, R. (2023). Sustainability strategies for GSCM in Indonesian SMEs. Uncertain Supply Chain Management.

Nwaubani, N., Ugochukwu, R., Daniel, C. O., Nwoye, M. I., & Abubakar, H. S. (2023). Effect of Enterprises Management on the Performance of Poultry Farming in North Central Nigeria. Design Construction Maintenance, 3, 32–45. https://doi.org/10.37394/232022.2023.3.4

Panghal, A., Akhila, P., Vern, P., & Mor, R. S. (2023). Adoption Barriers to Green Logistics in the Indian Food Industry: A Circular Economy Perspective. International Social Science Journal, 74(252), 519–538. https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12466

Pishdar, M., Ghasemzadeh, F., & Antuchevičienė, J. (2022). Best–worst Method to Prioritize Indicators Effective in Making Logistics Systems More Sustainable in Fast-Moving Consumer Goods Industry in Developing Countries. Transport, 37(3), 190–200. https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2022.17449

Prihastiwi, D. A., Fatimah, A. N., & Nurcahya, Y. A. (2023). Determinants of Indonesian MSMEs’ Green Investment Choices Towards Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth. Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 1248(1), 012015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1248/1/012015

Rahman, A. (2024). Green Process Optimization and Environmental Impact in Logistics. Discover Sustainability.

Reni, A., Sihite, M., & Rijal, S. (2023). Human Resource Management, Technology Adaptation, and Environmental Policy: A Multi-Variable Study of MSME Entrepreneurship in Indonesia. International Journal of Business Law and Education, 5(1), 72–89. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v5i1.358

Rezaei, J., Roekel, W. S. v., & Tavasszy, L. (2018). Measuring the Relative Importance of the Logistics Performance Index Indicators Using Best Worst Method. Transport Policy, 68, 158–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2018.05.007

Shree, A. (2025). A Systematic Study on the Warehouse Management System for Sustainable Agriculture. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 31(5), 178–198. https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2025/v31i53015

Sunargo, S. (2022). The Role of Entrepreneurship Orientation and Competitive Advantage as Strategy to Improve MSME Performance Post Covid-19 Pandemic in Batam City. SDGs, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.30631/sdgs.v2i1.1253

Tokarski, D. (2021). Location Determinants of City Logistics Centres in the Concept of Sustainable Development. https://doi.org/10.34659/2021/4/27

Wardani, S. A., Handayani, N. U., & Wibowo, M. A. (2022). Barriers for Implementing Reverse Logistics in the Construction Sectors. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 15(3), 385. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.3539

Zhou, B., Siddik, A. B., Zheng, G.-W., & Masukujjaman, M. (2023). Unveiling the Role of Green Logistics Management in Improving SMEs’ Sustainability Performance: Do Circular Economy Practices and Supply Chain Traceability Matter? Systems, 11(4), 198. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11040198

Zhu, Q. A.-S., J. AU3-Lai, K. H. (2008). Green supply chain management implications for “closing the loop.” Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 44(1), 1–18.